Every dollar you pay above the minimum on an installment loan goes directly to principal, reducing the balance on which future interest is calculated. This compounding effect means small extra payments have an outsized impact over time.
Front-loading matters. Extra payments made early in a loan save the most interest because interest is calculated on a higher balance. An extra $200/month in year 1 of a 30-year mortgage saves more than $200/month in year 25.
One-time lump sums. This calculator models recurring extra monthly payments. For a one-time lump sum, apply it to principal and then recalculate your amortization. The interest savings from a lump sum are even more dramatic.
Biweekly payments. Another approach: pay half your monthly payment every two weeks. This creates 26 half-payments per year = 13 full payments instead of 12 — one extra payment annually, applied entirely to principal.