IVA in Spain
IVA (Impuesto sobre el Valor Añadido) is Spain's value-added tax, equivalent to VAT across the EU. Three rates apply:
| Rate | Type | Examples | |------|------|---------| | 21% | General | Electronics, clothing, vehicles, most services | | 10% | Reduced | Restaurant food, transport, housing construction, cultural events | | 4% | Super-reduced | Basic food staples, books, newspapers, prescription medicine |
Calculating the base from a price that already includes IVA
Divide the total by (1 + rate):
Base = Total ÷ (1 + Rate)
Example: €121 total at 21% → 121 ÷ 1.21 = €100.00 base