How personal loan payments are calculated
A personal loan is an unsecured installment loan repaid in fixed monthly payments. The payment formula is:
M = P × r(1+r)^n / ((1+r)^n − 1)
where P is the loan principal, r is the monthly rate (APR ÷ 12), and n is the term in months. Each payment is split between interest (the remaining balance × monthly rate) and principal reduction. In the early months most of each payment goes to interest; by the final months nearly all of it retires principal.
APR vs. interest rate on personal loans
For personal loans, the APR may be higher than the stated interest rate if the lender charges origination fees rolled into the APR calculation. When comparing loan offers, always compare APR — not the stated rate — because APR captures the full cost of borrowing including fees. This calculator uses APR as the interest rate for simplicity; if your lender charges an upfront origination fee deducted from your disbursement (common on loans from 1–6% of principal), enter the actual disbursed amount as the loan amount to see your true payment on what you actually receive.
How credit score affects your rate
Personal loan rates range from roughly 6% for excellent-credit borrowers to 36% for subprime borrowers. On a $10,000 loan for 36 months, the difference between 8% and 24% APR is about $2,400 in total interest. If your score is below 680, improving it before applying — by paying down credit card balances, disputing errors, and avoiding new inquiries — can meaningfully lower your rate.
When a personal loan makes sense
Personal loans are typically used for debt consolidation, home improvement, medical expenses, or major purchases where a credit card's revolving rate would be higher. The key comparison is always APR: if you carry a credit card balance at 22%, consolidating into a personal loan at 12% saves significant interest. If the personal loan rate exceeds your existing rates, consolidation does not help.
Shorter vs. longer terms
A shorter term (12–24 months) means higher monthly payments but far less total interest. A longer term (60–84 months) lowers the monthly burden but increases cost substantially. For debt consolidation, choose the shortest term whose payment comfortably fits your budget — you want to eliminate the debt, not stretch it out at a still-meaningful rate.