A balance transfer moves your debt from a high-APR card to a 0% promo card, typically for 6–18 months. You pay an upfront fee (1–3%) to transfer, but save on interest during the promo period.
The math. Transfer fee is a sunk cost, but the interest saved during the promo period often exceeds the fee. After the promo ends, the new card's APR kicks in—which can be higher than your current card's APR.
Breakeven analysis. You break even when the interest saved (vs. your current card) exceeds the transfer fee. This usually happens within 3–6 months for high-APR cards.
Dangers. Transferring only makes sense if: (1) you pay down the balance during the promo period, (2) you won't close the old card (which hurts your credit), and (3) you don't rack up new debt on the old card. Many people transfer, then re-borrow—undoing the savings.
Pro tip. Use the 0% period to aggressively pay down principal. Every dollar you pay toward principal saves interest at both your old APR and the post-promo APR.